Phytosociological Analysis and Vegetation Structure in Tehsil Timergara, District Dir Lower, Pakistan: A Comprehensive Study of Five Distinct Plant Communities

Ghani Subhan; Zafar Iqbal; Abdul Mateen; Maaz Akbar; Faseeh Ullah

doi:doi:10.11648/j.eeb.20240903.11

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Phytosociological Analysis and Vegetation Structure in Tehsil Timergara, District Dir Lower, Pakistan: A Comprehensive Study of Five Distinct Plant Communities

Ghani Subhan^*, Zafar Iqbal, Abdul Mateen, Maaz Akbar, Faseeh Ullah

Published in Ecology and Evolutionary Biology (Volume 9, Issue 3)

Received: 8 January 2024 Accepted: 19 January 2024 Published: 29 July 2024

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Abstract

Biodiversity is the variation of life on the soil surface and includes differences in biotic structure at every level, from genes to species and vary to every ecological system. This study explores the phytosociology and vegetation structure in Tehsil Timergara, District Dir Lower, Pakistan, focusing on five distinct plant communities. The investigation utilizes TWINSPAN classification to categorize these communities, revealing their composition, dominance, and ecological attributes. The identified communities include Monotheca-Persicaria-Nerium (MPN), Punica-Indigofera-Isodon (PII), Myrtus-Dodonaea-Origanum (MDO), Berberis-Cornus-Teucrium (BCT), and Dodonaea-Salix-Pennisetum (DSP). The dominance of Megaphanerophytes and the prevalence of Microphylls in leaf spectra highlight the ecological dynamics of the region. In each community, the study examines the importance of values, and soil characteristics, providing insights into the environmental conditions influencing plant distributions. Additionally, the study calculates similarity and dissimilarity indices between these communities, revealing the degrees of overlap and uniqueness. The highest similarity is observed between Myrtus-Dodonaea-Origanum and Dodonaea-Salix-Pennisetum communities. This comprehensive phytosociological analysis enhances our understanding of the vegetation dynamics in Tehsil Timergara, offering valuable insights for conservation and sustainable management. The findings underscore the significance of considering multiple plant communities to formulate effective environmental management strategies.

Published in	Ecology and Evolutionary Biology (Volume 9, Issue 3)
DOI	10.11648/j.eeb.20240903.11
Page(s)	61-82
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Phytosociology, Vegetation Structure, Plant Communities, TWINSPAN Classification, Tehsil Timergara, Dir Lower, Pakistan

References

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APA Style

Subhan, G., Iqbal, Z., Mateen, A., Akbar, M., Ullah, F. (2024). Phytosociological Analysis and Vegetation Structure in Tehsil Timergara, District Dir Lower, Pakistan: A Comprehensive Study of Five Distinct Plant Communities. Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, 9(3), 61-82. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.eeb.20240903.11

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ACS Style

Subhan, G.; Iqbal, Z.; Mateen, A.; Akbar, M.; Ullah, F. Phytosociological Analysis and Vegetation Structure in Tehsil Timergara, District Dir Lower, Pakistan: A Comprehensive Study of Five Distinct Plant Communities. Ecol. Evol. Biol. 2024, 9(3), 61-82. doi: 10.11648/j.eeb.20240903.11

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AMA Style

Subhan G, Iqbal Z, Mateen A, Akbar M, Ullah F. Phytosociological Analysis and Vegetation Structure in Tehsil Timergara, District Dir Lower, Pakistan: A Comprehensive Study of Five Distinct Plant Communities. Ecol Evol Biol. 2024;9(3):61-82. doi: 10.11648/j.eeb.20240903.11

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@article{10.11648/j.eeb.20240903.11,
  author = {Ghani Subhan and Zafar Iqbal and Abdul Mateen and Maaz Akbar and Faseeh Ullah},
  title = {Phytosociological Analysis and Vegetation Structure in Tehsil Timergara, District Dir Lower, Pakistan: A Comprehensive Study of Five Distinct Plant Communities
},
  journal = {Ecology and Evolutionary Biology},
  volume = {9},
  number = {3},
  pages = {61-82},
  doi = {10.11648/j.eeb.20240903.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.eeb.20240903.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.eeb.20240903.11},
  abstract = {Biodiversity is the variation of life on the soil surface and includes differences in biotic structure at every level, from genes to species and vary to every ecological system. This study explores the phytosociology and vegetation structure in Tehsil Timergara, District Dir Lower, Pakistan, focusing on five distinct plant communities. The investigation utilizes TWINSPAN classification to categorize these communities, revealing their composition, dominance, and ecological attributes. The identified communities include Monotheca-Persicaria-Nerium (MPN), Punica-Indigofera-Isodon (PII), Myrtus-Dodonaea-Origanum (MDO), Berberis-Cornus-Teucrium (BCT), and Dodonaea-Salix-Pennisetum (DSP). The dominance of Megaphanerophytes and the prevalence of Microphylls in leaf spectra highlight the ecological dynamics of the region. In each community, the study examines the importance of values, and soil characteristics, providing insights into the environmental conditions influencing plant distributions. Additionally, the study calculates similarity and dissimilarity indices between these communities, revealing the degrees of overlap and uniqueness. The highest similarity is observed between Myrtus-Dodonaea-Origanum and Dodonaea-Salix-Pennisetum communities. This comprehensive phytosociological analysis enhances our understanding of the vegetation dynamics in Tehsil Timergara, offering valuable insights for conservation and sustainable management. The findings underscore the significance of considering multiple plant communities to formulate effective environmental management strategies.
},
 year = {2024}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Phytosociological Analysis and Vegetation Structure in Tehsil Timergara, District Dir Lower, Pakistan: A Comprehensive Study of Five Distinct Plant Communities

AU  - Ghani Subhan
AU  - Zafar Iqbal
AU  - Abdul Mateen
AU  - Maaz Akbar
AU  - Faseeh Ullah
Y1  - 2024/07/29
PY  - 2024
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.eeb.20240903.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.eeb.20240903.11
T2  - Ecology and Evolutionary Biology
JF  - Ecology and Evolutionary Biology
JO  - Ecology and Evolutionary Biology
SP  - 61
EP  - 82
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2575-3762
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.eeb.20240903.11
AB  - Biodiversity is the variation of life on the soil surface and includes differences in biotic structure at every level, from genes to species and vary to every ecological system. This study explores the phytosociology and vegetation structure in Tehsil Timergara, District Dir Lower, Pakistan, focusing on five distinct plant communities. The investigation utilizes TWINSPAN classification to categorize these communities, revealing their composition, dominance, and ecological attributes. The identified communities include Monotheca-Persicaria-Nerium (MPN), Punica-Indigofera-Isodon (PII), Myrtus-Dodonaea-Origanum (MDO), Berberis-Cornus-Teucrium (BCT), and Dodonaea-Salix-Pennisetum (DSP). The dominance of Megaphanerophytes and the prevalence of Microphylls in leaf spectra highlight the ecological dynamics of the region. In each community, the study examines the importance of values, and soil characteristics, providing insights into the environmental conditions influencing plant distributions. Additionally, the study calculates similarity and dissimilarity indices between these communities, revealing the degrees of overlap and uniqueness. The highest similarity is observed between Myrtus-Dodonaea-Origanum and Dodonaea-Salix-Pennisetum communities. This comprehensive phytosociological analysis enhances our understanding of the vegetation dynamics in Tehsil Timergara, offering valuable insights for conservation and sustainable management. The findings underscore the significance of considering multiple plant communities to formulate effective environmental management strategies.

VL  - 9
IS  - 3
ER  -

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Author Information

Ghani Subhan

College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China

Contact Email
Zafar Iqbal

Department of Botany, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan
Abdul Mateen

Department of Botany, Govt Degree College Lahor (Swabi), Swabi, Pakistan
Maaz Akbar

Department of Zoology, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Pakistan
Faseeh Ullah

Department of Botany, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan

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APA Style

Subhan, G., Iqbal, Z., Mateen, A., Akbar, M., Ullah, F. (2024). Phytosociological Analysis and Vegetation Structure in Tehsil Timergara, District Dir Lower, Pakistan: A Comprehensive Study of Five Distinct Plant Communities. Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, 9(3), 61-82. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.eeb.20240903.11

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ACS Style

Subhan, G.; Iqbal, Z.; Mateen, A.; Akbar, M.; Ullah, F. Phytosociological Analysis and Vegetation Structure in Tehsil Timergara, District Dir Lower, Pakistan: A Comprehensive Study of Five Distinct Plant Communities. Ecol. Evol. Biol. 2024, 9(3), 61-82. doi: 10.11648/j.eeb.20240903.11

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AMA Style

Subhan G, Iqbal Z, Mateen A, Akbar M, Ullah F. Phytosociological Analysis and Vegetation Structure in Tehsil Timergara, District Dir Lower, Pakistan: A Comprehensive Study of Five Distinct Plant Communities. Ecol Evol Biol. 2024;9(3):61-82. doi: 10.11648/j.eeb.20240903.11

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.eeb.20240903.11,
  author = {Ghani Subhan and Zafar Iqbal and Abdul Mateen and Maaz Akbar and Faseeh Ullah},
  title = {Phytosociological Analysis and Vegetation Structure in Tehsil Timergara, District Dir Lower, Pakistan: A Comprehensive Study of Five Distinct Plant Communities
},
  journal = {Ecology and Evolutionary Biology},
  volume = {9},
  number = {3},
  pages = {61-82},
  doi = {10.11648/j.eeb.20240903.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.eeb.20240903.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.eeb.20240903.11},
  abstract = {Biodiversity is the variation of life on the soil surface and includes differences in biotic structure at every level, from genes to species and vary to every ecological system. This study explores the phytosociology and vegetation structure in Tehsil Timergara, District Dir Lower, Pakistan, focusing on five distinct plant communities. The investigation utilizes TWINSPAN classification to categorize these communities, revealing their composition, dominance, and ecological attributes. The identified communities include Monotheca-Persicaria-Nerium (MPN), Punica-Indigofera-Isodon (PII), Myrtus-Dodonaea-Origanum (MDO), Berberis-Cornus-Teucrium (BCT), and Dodonaea-Salix-Pennisetum (DSP). The dominance of Megaphanerophytes and the prevalence of Microphylls in leaf spectra highlight the ecological dynamics of the region. In each community, the study examines the importance of values, and soil characteristics, providing insights into the environmental conditions influencing plant distributions. Additionally, the study calculates similarity and dissimilarity indices between these communities, revealing the degrees of overlap and uniqueness. The highest similarity is observed between Myrtus-Dodonaea-Origanum and Dodonaea-Salix-Pennisetum communities. This comprehensive phytosociological analysis enhances our understanding of the vegetation dynamics in Tehsil Timergara, offering valuable insights for conservation and sustainable management. The findings underscore the significance of considering multiple plant communities to formulate effective environmental management strategies.
},
 year = {2024}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Phytosociological Analysis and Vegetation Structure in Tehsil Timergara, District Dir Lower, Pakistan: A Comprehensive Study of Five Distinct Plant Communities

AU  - Ghani Subhan
AU  - Zafar Iqbal
AU  - Abdul Mateen
AU  - Maaz Akbar
AU  - Faseeh Ullah
Y1  - 2024/07/29
PY  - 2024
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.eeb.20240903.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.eeb.20240903.11
T2  - Ecology and Evolutionary Biology
JF  - Ecology and Evolutionary Biology
JO  - Ecology and Evolutionary Biology
SP  - 61
EP  - 82
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2575-3762
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.eeb.20240903.11
AB  - Biodiversity is the variation of life on the soil surface and includes differences in biotic structure at every level, from genes to species and vary to every ecological system. This study explores the phytosociology and vegetation structure in Tehsil Timergara, District Dir Lower, Pakistan, focusing on five distinct plant communities. The investigation utilizes TWINSPAN classification to categorize these communities, revealing their composition, dominance, and ecological attributes. The identified communities include Monotheca-Persicaria-Nerium (MPN), Punica-Indigofera-Isodon (PII), Myrtus-Dodonaea-Origanum (MDO), Berberis-Cornus-Teucrium (BCT), and Dodonaea-Salix-Pennisetum (DSP). The dominance of Megaphanerophytes and the prevalence of Microphylls in leaf spectra highlight the ecological dynamics of the region. In each community, the study examines the importance of values, and soil characteristics, providing insights into the environmental conditions influencing plant distributions. Additionally, the study calculates similarity and dissimilarity indices between these communities, revealing the degrees of overlap and uniqueness. The highest similarity is observed between Myrtus-Dodonaea-Origanum and Dodonaea-Salix-Pennisetum communities. This comprehensive phytosociological analysis enhances our understanding of the vegetation dynamics in Tehsil Timergara, offering valuable insights for conservation and sustainable management. The findings underscore the significance of considering multiple plant communities to formulate effective environmental management strategies.

VL  - 9
IS  - 3
ER  -

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